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Stripes often tether super-enhancers to cognate promoters, and in B cells, they facilitate Igh transcription and recombination. Stripe anchors represent major hotspots for topoisomerase-mediated lesions, which promote chromosomal translocations and cancer. In plasmacytomas, stripes can deregulate Igh-translocated oncogenes. We propose that higher organisms have coopted cohesin extrusion to enhance transcription and recombination, with implications for tumor development.", "title": "The Energetics and Physiological Impact of Cohesin Extrusion.", "principals_allowed": {"view": ["system.Everyone"], "edit": ["group.admin"]}}, "pubs_using": [], "publications_of_set": [{"date_published": "2018-04-26", "status": "current", "display_title": "Vian L et al. (2018) PMID:29706548", "@type": ["Publication", "Item"], "ID": "PMID:29706548", "abstract": "Cohesin extrusion is thought to play a central role in establishing the architecture of mammalian genomes. However, extrusion has not been visualized in  vivo, and thus, its functional impact and energetics are unknown. Using ultra-deep Hi-C, we show that loop domains form by a process that requires cohesin ATPases. Once formed, however, loops and compartments are maintained for  hours without energy input. Strikingly, without ATP, we observe the emergence of  hundreds of CTCF-independent loops that link regulatory DNA. We also identify architectural \"stripes,\" where a loop anchor interacts with entire domains at high frequency. Stripes often tether super-enhancers to cognate promoters, and in B cells, they facilitate Igh transcription and recombination. Stripe anchors represent major hotspots for topoisomerase-mediated lesions, which promote chromosomal translocations and cancer. In plasmacytomas, stripes can deregulate Igh-translocated oncogenes. 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